<2022-09-20>
See these publications:
RDF is a graph data model, so the best way to understand RDF data schemas (ontologies, application profiles, RDF shapes) is with a diagram. Many RDF visualization tools exist, but they either focus on large graphs (where the details are not easily visible), or the visualization results are not satisfactory, or manual tweaking of the diagrams is required.
puml: namespace. Special attention is paid
to inlining and visualizing various Reification mechanisms (described
with PRV). We give examples from Getty CONA, Getty Museum, AAC (mappings
of museum data to CIDOC CRM), Multisensor (NIF and FrameNet), EHRI
(Holocaust Research into Jewish social networks), Duraspace (Portland
Common Data Model for holding metadata in institutional repositories),
Video annotation.If the example instances include embedded source field names, they can describe a mapping precisely. I've implemented a few more tools to generate transformations:
rdf2tarql and rdf2ontorefine)See http://twitter.com/hashtag/rdfpuml for news, diagrams and announcements.
This work is covered by the Artistic-2.0 license.
If you use this software, please cite it as shown above.
rdf2tarql and rdf2ontorefine)Everyone likes screenshots!
But until I do it, here are a couple of shots.
Information about Sirma Group and Atanas Kiryakov from Refinitiv PermID:
test/permid/sample-SirmaGroup-AtanasKiryakov.png
Intersections and restrictions, represented using blank nodes and
rdf:List:
test/complex-types/example2.png
The tool can depict reification using rdf:Statement and
various other constructs, in this case
crm:E17_Type_Assignment:
doc/img/CONA-types-reification.png
doc/img/arrowStyles.png
Unicode (actual) and semantic URL links for each node and property (idea). "Zmrzlina" is Czech for "icecream" and may have the highest concentration of consonants in the world:
test/unicode/svg-links.png
Declarative model (left) vs generated SPARQL Update for OntoRefine (right two):
doc/img/rdf2sparql-organizations.png
Software:
rdfpuml, written in Python 2.7, uses Redland's
librdf library. I worked with Matjaz in the euBusinessGraph
project.The following papers use or mention this software:
Checkout this repo and add rdf2rml/bin to your path.
Install the following prerequisites:
cpan or cpanm to install
them:
RDF::Trine RDF::Query Encode FindBin Carp::Always SlurpRDF::Prefixes::Curie. This is my own module located in
./lib, and rdfpuml needs
FindBin to locate it.riot, update. Tested with version 3.1.0 of
2016-05-10.If you prefer to work with Docker so you don't need to install software manually, you can use this rdf2rml image from the public Nexus (Docker Registry) of Ontotext. To run it, use:
docker run -v <directory>:/files --rm docker-registry.ontotext.com/rdf2rml:latest`
Where <directory> is the local directory holding
your .ttl files. It was made on 31 May 2023 and uses the
following versions:
Note: pull request
7 of 17 Sep 2019 by Jem Rayfield (@jazzyray) dockerizes
the installation, and makes extra changes related to input/output and
configuration. However, it has not been merged yet
Jonas Smedegaard (@jonassmedegaard, dr at jones fullstop
dk) has volunteered for some of the tasks below. His development is at
https://salsa.debian.org/debian/rdf2rml/branches.
To adopt changes, do something like this.
To merge all commits in the
salsa/develop branch:
cd rdf2rml # i.e. your local clone of your Github project
git remote add salsa https://salsa.debian.org/debian/rdf2rml.git
git fetch salsa
git merge salsa/developTo adopt only single commits from the salsa/develop
branch, issue remote and fetch as above, then
issue:
git cherry-pick $commit1 $commit2 $commit3See CHANGELOG.org for implemented features and fixes.
Help needed for the following tasks. Post bugs and enhancement requests to this repo!
sort is added at various places to make the tool more
deterministic, i.e. independent of order of RDF statements in the input
file. However, this will interfere with the ability to control the
layout, especially of disconnected components (see layout_new_line)In the case Y-P-X described above:
?y puml:property ?p so this prop
name can be added to ?y's subject mappuml:property into account?y puml:map ?map …Add ttl with non-ASCII chars: Accented, Cyrillic, French, etc.
"Rudolf Mössbauer" in ./test/TRR/societyMember.ttlSee https://github.com/VladimirAlexiev/rdf2rml/pull/7
./lib/RDF/Prefixes/Curie.pm
remembers @base and uses that for URL shortening. Once perlrdf#131 is
fixed, eliminate this dependency (local module)
rdfpuml shortens URLs using prefixes only from
prefixes.ttl, but should also use prefixes defined in the
individual input file.
Now it only supports Turtle, because it concatenates
prefixes.ttl to the main file. If it can collect all
prefixes from RDF files, such concatenation won't be needed
Issue #1:
plantuml is slow to start up, so we'd like to process a bunch of
puml files at once. The best way is to have a smarter
script or Makefile that uses the following http://plantuml.com/command-line
features:
puml files (the current
Makefile doesn't preserve them)plantuml on a whole folder (with
-r[ecurse] it can even recurse through subfolders)-checkmetadata to skip png files that
don't need to be regenerated. (The whole puml text is
stored in the png, so plantuml can quickly
check that there are no changes)Makefile should start plantuml only
once, if some of the puml files is newer than its
respective png fileBefore I discovered the -checkmetadata option, I had the
idea that rdfpuml could put several diagrams in one
puml file:
@startuml file1.png
# made from file1.ttl
@enduml
@startuml file2.png
# made from file2.ttl
@enduml
However, this interferes with make processing that
regenerates only png for changed ttl files,
and makes things less modular overall.
Trine (Perl RDF) is end of life. Attean is the new generation
org-modeWrite Turtle, see diagram (easy to do)
See ./ideas
arrows arrows-2 from https://github.com/anoff/blog/tree/master/static/assets/plantuml/diagrams:
Arrow styles and colors (bold, dashed etc): https://mrhaki.blogspot.com/2016/12/plantuml-pleasantness-get-plantuml.html
plantuml -pattern regexes:
dotted|dashed|plain|bold|hidden|norank|single|thickness
Local layout options are described in Help on Layout:
rdfpuml already implements this)constraint=false)Global options include (eg see this diagram):
skinparam Linetype ortho skinparam NodeSep 80 skinparam RankSep 80 skinparam Padding 5 skinparam MinClassWidth 40 skinparam SameClassWidth true
And there are a lot more undocumented features: https://forum.plantuml.net/7095
Ability to describe custom reification situations using the Property Reification Vocabulary (PRV)
Plantuml now has MindMap and WBS (or OBS) diagrams that use a simple bulleted syntax to draw hierarchies.
It would be nice to use this to draw hierarchies of individuals, in particular taxonomies.
Here are examples of the two styles:
A new tool rdf2soml to generate Ontotext Platform SOML
from RDF examples.
What's missing? Most importantly: property cardinality and virtual inverses.
PlantUML can show arrow cardinalities, and this simple and natural PlantUML code:
X "0:1" -left-> "1:m" Y : prop/\ninvProp
Is depicted as follows:
We have two options how to express this in triples:
##### model triples
:X :prop :Y.
##### puml triples
<< :X :prop :Y >>
puml:arrow puml:left; # direction
puml:min 1; puml:max puml:inf; # cardinality
puml:inverseAlias [puml:min 0; puml:max 1; puml:name "invProp"]. # virtual inverse
##### model triples
:X :prop :Y.
##### puml triples
:X puml:left :Y. # direction
:X :prop [ # a puml:Cardinality; # may need this marker class to skip the node from the diagram
puml:min 1; puml:max puml:inf; # cardinality
puml:object :Y; # only needed if X has several relations "prop" and they need different annotations
puml:inverseAlias [puml:min 0; puml:max 1; puml:name "invProp"] # virtual inverse
].
Issue #8: discussion with Thomas Francart of Sparna
I developed this SHACL to PlantUML converter, in Java, based on TopQuadrant SHACL lib, and the result is at https://shacl-play.sparna.fr/play/draw and code at https://github.com/sparna-git/shacl-play/tree/master/shacl-diagram
I don't have a strong opinion on the example you provide, an alternative idea that comes to my mind is
:node1 :link [
rdf:value :node2;
puml:min 1 ;
puml:max 2 ;
]
But this changes the structure of the example graph itself, which might not be convenient
R2RML works great for RDBMS, but how about other sources? Extend rdf2rml to generate: